1455 Chromyl chloride Chromyl chloride is a chemical compound with the formula CrO2Cl2. This compound is an opaque dark blood-red liquid at room temperature and pressure. Chromyl chloride reacts with water to release hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hexavalent chromium (CrVI). HCl can be acutely lethal. CrVI can produce chromosomal aberrations and is a human carcinogen via inhalation. Frequent exposure of the skin to chromyl chloride may result in ulceration. 14977-61-8 21395478 Cl2CrO2 210.878760 Red liquid. -96.5°C Oral (L16) ; inhalation (L16) ; dermal (L16) Trivalent chromium may also form complexes with peptides, proteins, and DNA, resulting in DNA-protein crosslinks, DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks, chromium-DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. It has been shown to induce carcinogenesis by overstimulating cellular regulatory pathways and increasing peroxide levels by activating certain mitogen-activated protein kinases. It can also cause transcriptional repression by cross-linking histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complexes to CYP1A1 promoter chromatin, inhibiting histone modification. Chromium may increase its own toxicity by modifying metal regulatory transcription factor 1, causing the inhibition of zinc-induced metallothionein transcription. (A12, L16, A34, A35, A36) Chromium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, or dermal exposure and distributes to nearly all tissues, with the highest concentrations found in kidney and liver. Bone is also a major storage site and may contribute to long-term retention. Hexavalent chromium's similarity to sulfate and chromate allow it to be transported into cells via sulfate transport mechanisms. Inside the cell, hexavalent chromium is reduced first to pentavalent chromium, then to trivalent chromium by many substances including ascorbate, glutathione, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Chromium is almost entirely excreted with the urine. (A12, L16) LD50: 5.45 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Mouse) (T76) 1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135) Chromyl chloride is used in organic synthesis. (L527) Chromium in its trivalent state is not very toxic. It may be oxidized to hexavalent chromium, a known carcinogen. Hexavalent chromium has also been shown to affect reproduction and development. (A12) Chromium in its trivalent state is not very toxic, but it may be oxidized to hexavalent chromium. Breathing hexavalent chromium can cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. Ingestion of hexavalent chromium causes irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, as well as anemia. Skin contact can cause skin ulcers. (L16) There is no know antidote for chromium poisoning. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (L16) 2009-06-19T21:58:48Z 2014-12-24T20:23:55Z Sulfate transporter (P50443) Sulfate anion transporter 1 (Q9H2B4) (A12) 33038 Chromyl chloride true Sulfate transporter (P50443) Sulfate anion transporter 1 (Q9H2B4) (A12) Cl[Cr](Cl)(=O)=O Cl2CrO2 InChI=1S/2ClH.Cr.2O/h2*1H;;;/q;;+2;;/p-2 InChIKey=AHXGRMIPHCAXFP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 154.901 153.868046562 Exogenous Liquid 15434978